KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
University Examination
January / February 2026
Level: MBBS
Exam: I MBBS
Paper I: Basic Concepts, Genetics, Immune System and Immunology
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Marks: 50
Date: February 1, 2026
#INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATE
Answer each section in a separate answer book.
Write brief, relevant and legible answers.
Illustrate your answer with well labeled diagrams wherever required.
All questions are compulsory.
#SECTION “B”
#Short Answer Questions
a. Classify the epithelial tissue providing an appropriate example for each type. [3]
b. Draw a well labelled diagram showing the microscopic features of lymph node. [3]
c. Enlist the derivatives of somite. [2]a. Describe different types of RNA with their functions. [2]
b. What are enzymes? Describe the role of vitamins as co-enzymes with examples. [3]a. What is a plasmid? Write two functions of plasmids. [1+1=2]
b. Discuss briefly the classical pathway of complement activation. [2]a. Write down the differences between benign and malignant tumors. [2]
b. Define Amyloidosis. Mention the morphological changes in Amyloidosis of spleen. [1+1=2]a. Define apparent volume of distribution of drugs. Write its clinical significance. [1+2=3]
b. Enlist different types of drug antagonism with one example of each. [2]a. Differentiate between voltage gated and ligand gated channels present in an excitable tissue. Mention the role of anions in maintaining resting membrane potential. [3+1=4]
#SECTION – “C”
#Problem Based Questions
#Problem – I
A 45-year-old male was brought to emergency department with complaints of difficulty in breathing, nausea and itchy rash all over body. He developed these symptoms immediately after bee bite. On clinical examination he was found in shock with blood pressure of 50/30 mm of Hg and pulse rate of 120/minute. He was then administered drug ‘A’ to recover from all those symptoms.
a. What type of hypersensitivity reaction causes this type of clinical manifestation? Write down its mechanism in brief. [Microbiology] (1 + 2 = 3)
b. List different types of shock. Describe the morphological changes seen in target organs in this case. [Pathology] (1 + 3 = 4)
c. Which route of drug administration is preferred in this case? Give any two reasons. [Pharmacology] (1 + 2 = 3)
#Problem – II
A 2-years-baby was brought to Pediatric OPD. The mother gave a history of flat facial profile and upward slanting eyes. On examination the child showed low muscle tone, single palmar crease, organomegaly and a heart murmur. The genetic testing of the baby was done and was diagnosed with Down’s syndrome.
a. Enlist the autosomal and sex chromosomal disorders. [Anatomy] (2 + 2 = 4)
b. What type of chromosomal abnormality causes Down’s syndrome? Mention different types of Gene Mutation. [Biochemistry] (1 + 2 = 3)
c. Draw growth curves for various organs in the human body. [Physiology] (3)
